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Ch/APh 2. Introduction to Energy Sciences. 9
units (4-0-5); third term. Prerequisites: Ch 1 ab, Ph 1 ab, Ma 1 ab.
Energy production and transduction in biological, chemical, and nuclear
reactions. Bioenergetics: energy sources and storage; components of biological
energy flows: pumps, motors, and solar cells; circuitry of biological
energy flows and biological energy transduction pathways. Chemistry of
energy production and utilization: fossil fuel utilization and energy
conversion pathways; artificial photosynthesis, solar cells, and solar
energy conversion. Principles of nuclear energy production: nuclear energy
decay processes, fission and fusion reactions, and reactor principles.
Not offered on a pass/fail basis. Instructors: Lewis, Bellan. Satisfies
the menu requirement of the Caltech core curriculum. Not offered 2007–08.
APh/EE 9 ab. Solid-State Electronics for Integrated Circuits. 6
units (2-2-2); first, second terms; six units credit for the freshman laboratory
requirement. Prerequisite: successful completion of APh/EE 9 a is a prerequisite
for enrollment in APh/EE 9 b. Introduction to solid-state electronics, including
physical modeling and device fabrication. Topics: semiconductor crystal growth
and device fabrication technology, carrier modeling, doping, generation and recombination,
pn junction diodes, MOS capacitor and MOS transistor operation, and deviations
from ideal behavior. Laboratory includes computer-aided layout, and fabrication
and testing of light-emitting diodes, transistors, and inverters. Students learn
photolithography, and use of vacuum systems, furnaces, and device-testing equipment.
Instructor: Scherer.
APh 17 abc. Thermodynamics. 9
units (3-0-6); first, second, third terms. Prerequisites: Ma 1 abc, Ph 1 abc.
Introduction to the use of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics in physics
and engineering. Entropy, temperature, and the principal laws of thermodynamics.
Canonical equations of state. Applications to cycles, engines, phase and chemical
equilibria. Probability and stochastic processes. Kinetic theory of perfect gases.
Statistical mechanics. Applications to gases, gas degeneration, equilibrium radiation,
and simple solids. Instructor: Vahala.
APh 23. Demonstration Lectures in Optics. 6
units (2-0-4); second term. Prerequisite: Ph 1 abc. This course cover fundamentals
of optics with emphasis on modern optical applications, intended to exhibit basic
optical phenomena including interference, dispersion, birefringence, diffraction,
and laser oscillation, and the applications of these phenomena in optical systems
employing two-beam and multiple-beam interferometry, Fourier-transform image
processing, holography, electro-optic modulation, and optical detection and heterodyning.
System examples to be selected from optical communications, radar, and adaptive
optical systems. Instructor: Painter.
APh 24. Introductory Modern Optics Laboratory. 6
units (0-4-2); third term. Prerequisite: APh 23. Laboratory experiments to acquaint
students with the contemporary aspects of modern optical research and technology.
Experiments encompass many of the topics and concepts covered in APh 23. Instructor:
Painter.
APh 77 bc. Laboratory in Applied Physics. 9
units (0-9-0); second, third terms. Selected experiments chosen to familiarize
students with laboratory equipment, procedures, and characteristic phenomena
in plasmas, fluid turbulence, fiber optics, X-ray diffraction, microwaves, high-temperature
superconductivity, black-body radiation, holography, and computer interfacing
of experiments. Instructor: Staff.
APh 78 abc. Senior Thesis, Experimental. 9
units (0-9-0); first, second, third terms. Prerequisite: instructor’s permission.
Supervised experimental research experience, open only to senior-class applied
physics majors. Requirements will be set by individual faculty members, but will
include a written report based upon actual laboratory experience. The selection
of topic and the final report must be approved by the Applied Physics Undergraduate
Committee. Students desiring additional units should register in APh 100. Not
offered on a pass/fail basis. Instructors: Atwater and applied physics faculty.
APh 79 abc. Senior Thesis, Theoretical. 9
units (0-9-0); first, second, third terms. Prerequisite: instructor’s permission.
Supervised theoretical research experience, open only to senior-class applied
physics majors. Requirements will be set by individual faculty members, but will
include a written report based upon actual laboratory experience. The selection
of topic and the final report must be approved by the Applied Physics Undergraduate
Committee. Not offered on a pass/fail basis. This course cannot be used to satisfy
the laboratory requirement in APh. Instructors: Atwater and applied physics faculty.
APh 100. Advanced Work in Applied Physics. Units
in accordance with work accomplished. Special problems relating to applied physics,
arranged to meet the needs of students wishing to do advanced work. Primarily
for undergraduates. Students should consult with their advisers before registering.
Graded pass/fail.
Ae/APh/CE/ME 101 abc. Fluid Mechanics. 9
units (3-0-6); first, second, third terms. Prerequisites: APh 17 or ME 18, and
ME 19 or equivalent, ACM 95/100 or equivalent (may be taken concurrently). Fundamentals
of fluid mechanics. Microscopic and macroscopic properties of liquids and gases;
the continuum hypothesis; review of thermodynamics; general equations of motion;
kinematics; stresses; constitutive relations; vorticity, circulation; Bernoulli’s
equation; potential flow; thin-airfoil theory; surface gravity waves; buoyancy-driven
flows; rotating flows; viscous creeping flow; viscous boundary layers; introduction
to stability and turbulence; quasi one-dimensional compressible flow; shock waves;
unsteady compressible flow; acoustics. Instructors: Shepherd, McKeon.
Ae/APh 104 abc. Experimental Methods. 9
units (3-0-6) first term; (1-3-5) second, third terms. Prerequisites: ACM 95/100
abc or equivalent (may be taken concurrently), Ae/APh/CE/ME 101 abc or equivalent
(may be taken concurrently). Lectures on experiment design and implementation.
Measurement methods, transducer fundamentals, instrumentation, optical systems,
signal processing, noise theory, analog and digital electronic fundamentals,
with data acquisition and processing systems. Experiments (second and third terms)
in solid and fluid mechanics with emphasis on current research methods. Instructor:
Dabiri.
APh 105 abc. States of Matter. 9
units (3-0-6); first, second, third terms. Prerequisite: APh 17 abc or equivalent.
A survey emphasizing unifying concepts, such as order parameters, scaling laws,
quasi-particle excitations, and correlation functions. Topics: long-range ordered
states such as crystals, superfluids, and ferromagnets; phase transitions; critical
phenomena; ideal classical and degenerate gases; theory of liquids; band theory
of solids; fluctuations; noise. Instructors: Johnson, staff.
APh 109. Introduction to the Micro/Nanofabrication Lab. 9
units (0-6-3); first, second, third terms. Introduction to techniques of micro-and
nanofabrication, including solid-state, optical, and microfluidic devices. Students
will be trained to use fabrication and characterization equipment available in
the applied physics micro- and nanofabrication lab. Topics include Schottky diodes,
MOS capacitors, light-emitting diodes, microlenses, microfluidic valves and pumps,
atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron-beam writing.
Instructor: Ghaffari.
APh 110. Topics in Applied Physics. 2
units (2-0-0); first, second terms. A seminar course designed to acquaint juniors
and first-year graduate students with the various research areas represented
in the option. Lecture each week given by a different faculty member of the option,
reviewing, in general terms, his or her field of research. Graded pass/fail.
Instructor: Bellan.
APh 114 abc. Solid-State Physics.
9 units (3-0-6); first, second, third terms. Prerequisites: APh 125
ab or Ph 125 abc or equivalent. Introductory lecture and problem course
dealing with experimental and theoretical problems in solid-state physics.
Topics include crystal structure, symmetries in solids, lattice vibrations,
electronic states in solids, transport phenomena, semiconductors, superconductivity,
magnetism, ferroelectricity, defects, and optical phenomena in solids.
Instructors: Bockrath, Atwater.
APh
125 abc. Quantum Mechanics of Matter. 9
units (3-0-6); first, second, third terms. Quantum mechanics
and applications to problems in solids, liquids, and gases.
Topics: central force problems; hydrogen atom; multielectron
atoms; approximation methods: time-independent and time-dependent
perturbation theory, variational method, WKB approximation;
eigenstates of molecules; theories for chemical bonding; optical
transitions in matter; scattering: Born approximation, partial
wave expansions, electron and photon scattering in matter;
the electromagnetic field; quantum theory of crystalline solids.
Not offered 2007–08.
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APh/EE
130. Electromagnetic Theory. 9 units (3-0-6); first term.
This course reviews EM theory and optical concepts that are frequently encountered.
EM theory: tensor matrix, kDB space, Poynting theorem. Dispersion and absorption.
Reflection at an interface. Nonlinear optics. Polarization: Jones matrix and
Stokes vectors. Ray tracing: ABCD matrix, optical aberrations. Noise. Diffraction.
Interferometry: system design, homodyne, heterodyne, spectral domain analysis.
Instructors: Yang, Yariv.
APh/EE 131. Optical Wave Propagation. 9 units (3-0-6);
second term. This course focuses on optical wave propagation and related applications.
Topics to be covered include Huygens’ principle, Fourier optics, Gaussian
waves, imaging, gratings, spectroscopy, interferometry, Fabry-Perot cavities,
coherence, holography, femtosecond optics, dispersion, Kramers-Kronig relation,
Mie scattering theory, photonic band gaps, and near-field imaging. Instructors:
Psaltis, Yang.
APh/EE 132. Optoelectronic Materials and Devices. 9
units (3-0-6); third term. Interaction of light and matter, spontaneous and stimulated
emission, laser rate equations, mode-locking, Q-switching, semiconductor lasers.
Optical detectors and amplifiers; noise characterization of optoelectronic devices.
Propagation of light in crystals, electro-optic effects and their use in modulation
of light; introduction to nonlinear optics. Optical properties of nanostructures.
Instructor: Atwater.
APh 150. Topics in Applied Physics. Units
to be arranged; second, third terms. Content will vary from year to year, but
at a level suitable for advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate students.
Topics are chosen according to the interests of students and staff. Visiting
faculty may present portions of this course. Instructor: Troian.
APh 156 abc. Plasma Physics. 9
units (3-0-6); first, second, third terms. Prerequisite: Ph 106 abc or equivalent.
An introduction to the principles of plasma physics. A multitiered theoretical
infrastructure will be developed consisting of the Hamilton-Lagrangian theory
of charged particle motion in combined electric and magnetic fields, the Vlasov
kinetic theory of plasma as a gas of interacting charged particles, the two-fluid
model of plasma as interacting electron and ion fluids, and the magnetohydrodynamic
model of plasma as an electrically conducting fluid subject to combined magnetic
and hydrodynamic forces. This infrastructure will be used to examine waves, transport
processes, equilibrium, stability, and topological self-organization. Examples
relevant to plasmas in both laboratory (fusion, industrial) and space (magneto-sphere,
solar) will be discussed. Instructor: Bellan.
APh/BE 161. Physical Biology of the Cell. 9
units (3-0-6); second term. Physical models applied to the analysis of biological
structures ranging from individual proteins and DNA to entire cells. Topics include
the force response of proteins and DNA, models of molecular motors, DNA packing
in viruses and eukaryotes, mechanics of membranes, and membrane proteins and
cell motility. Instructor: Phillips.
APh/BE 162. Physical Biology Laboratory. 9
units (0-6-3); second term. Prerequisite: concurrent enrollment in APh/BE 161.
This laboratory course accompanies APh/BE 161 and is built around experiments
that amplify material covered in that course. Particular topics include background
on techniques from molecular biology, mechanics of lipid bilayer vesicles, DNA
packing in viruses, fluorescence microscopy of cells, experiments on cell motility,
and the construction of genetic networks. Instructor: Phillips.
APh/BE 165. Advanced Bioengineering Laboratory. 9
units (0-6-3); third term. Prerequisite: BE 201 or equivalent. Laboratory experiments
at the interface of molecular biology and biophysics. Topics will vary from year
to year and will be selected from the following list: use of atomic force microscopy
to image and to manipulate proteins and DNA, use of fluorescent probes for single-molecule
observation, physics of fluids in small devices, use of microfluidic devices
for cell sorting and for stretching DNA, and application of optical tweezers
to measure forces on single molecules. Not offered 2007–08.
EE/APh 180. Solid-State Devices.
9 units; first, second, third terms. Prerequisite: instructor’s permission,
which should be obtained during the junior year to allow sufficient time for
planning the research. Individual research project, carried out under the supervision
of a member of the electrical engineering or computer science faculty. Project
must include significant design effort. Written report required. Open only to
senior electrical engineering, computer science, or electrical and computer engineering
majors. Not offered on a pass/fail basis. Instructor: Potter.
APh/EE 183 abc. Fundamentals of Electronic Devices. 9
units (3-0-6); first, second, third terms. Principles of semiconductor electronic
structure, carrier transport properties, and optoelectronic properties relevant
to semiconductor device physics. Fundamental performance aspects of basic and
advanced semiconductor electronic and optoelectronic devices. Topics include
energy band theory, carrier generation and recombination mechanisms, quasi-Fermi
levels, carrier drift and diffusion transport, quantum transport. Instructor:
Atwater.
APh 190 abc. Quantum Electronics. 9
units (3-0-6); first, second, third terms. Prerequisite: Ph 125 or equivalent.
Generation, manipulations, propagation, and applications of coherent radiation.
The basic theory of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with resonant
atomic transitions. Laser oscillation, important laser media, Gaussian beam modes,
the electro-optic effect, nonlinear-optics theory, second harmonic generation,
parametric oscillation, stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattering. Other topics
include light modulation, diffraction of light by sound, integrated optics, phase
conjugate optics, and quantum noise theory. Instructor: Yariv.
APh 200. Applied Physics Research. Units in accordance with work
accomplished. Offered to graduate students in applied physics for research or
reading. Students should consult their advisers before registering. Graded pass/fail.
Ph/APh 223 abc. Advanced Condensed-Matter Physics. 9
units (3-0-6); first, second, third terms. Prerequisite: Ph 125 or equivalent,
or instructor’s permission. Advanced topics in condensed-matter physics,
emphasizing the application of formal quantum field theory and group theory methods
to many-body systems. Selected topics may include path integral and canonical
formalisms, Green’s function techniques and Feynman diagrams, Fermi liquid
theory, Luttinger liquid theory, symmetry breaking and Landau-Ginzburg theory
of phase transitions, group theory and its applications, field theory for interacting
bosons and superfluidity, superconductivity, Kondo effect, Hubbard and t-J models,
gauge theory, fractional quantum Hall effect, anyons, and topological field theory.
In 2007-2008, the first term will focus on basic formalism and conceptual surveys,
and the second and third terms will apply formal techniques to address aforementioned
topics. Instructors: Kitaev, Yeh.
APh 250. Advanced Topics in Applied Physics. Units
and term to be arranged. Content will vary from year to year; topics are chosen
according to interests of students and staff. Visiting faculty may present portions
of this course. Instructor: Staff.
APh 300. Thesis Research in Applied Physics. Units in accordance
with work accomplished. APh 300 is elected in place of APh 200 when the student
has progressed to the point where his or her research leads directly toward a
thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Approval of the student’s
research supervisor and department adviser or registration representative must
be obtained before registering. Graded pass/fail.
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